Dunkirk Evacuation

Dunkirk Evacuation From May 26 to June 4, 1940, the British sent 222 Royal Navy ships and around 800 non military personnel pontoons to empty the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied soldiers from the seaport of Dunkirk in France during World War II. Following eight months of inaction during the Phony War, British, French, and Belgian soldiers were immediately overpowered by Nazi Germany’s raid strategies when the assault started on May 10, 1940. Instead of be totally demolished, the BEF chose to withdraw to Dunkirk and trust in clearing. Activity Dynamo, the departure of over a quarter million soldiers from Dunkirk, appeared to be a close to incomprehensible undertaking, yet the British individuals arranged and at last saved around 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian soldiers. Without the clearing at Dunkirk, World War II would have been lost in 1940. Getting ready to Fight After World War II began on September 3, 1939, there was a time of roughly eight months in which essentially no battling happened; writers considered this the â€Å"Phoney War.† Although conceded eight months to prepare and sustain for a German intrusion, the British, French, and Belgian soldiers were very ill-equipped when the assault really started on May 10, 1940. Some portion of the issue was that while the German Army had been given any expectation of a triumphant and unexpected result in comparison to that of World War I, the Allied soldiers were deadened, certain that channel fighting by and by anticipated them. The Allied pioneers likewise depended intensely on the recently assembled, innovative, cautious strongholds of the Maginot Line, which ran along the French fringe with Germany †excusing the possibility of an assault from the north. In this way, rather than preparing, the Allied soldiers invested quite a bit of their energy drinking, pursuing young ladies, and simply trusting that the assault will come. For some BEF troopers, their stay in France felt somewhat like a smaller than expected get-away, with great food and little to do. This all changed when the Germans assaulted in the early long periods of May 10, 1940. The French and British soldiers went north to meet the propelling Germany Army in Belgium, not understanding that a huge bit of the German Army (seven Panzer divisions) were slicing through the Ardennes, a lush region that the Allies had thought about invulnerable. Withdrawing to Dunkirk With the German Army before them in Belgium and coming up behind them from the Ardennes, the Allied soldiers were immediately compelled to withdraw. The French soldiers, now, were in incredible turmoil. Some had gotten caught inside Belgium while others dispersed. Lacking solid initiative and successful correspondence, the retreat left the French Army in genuine chaos. The BEF were additionally retreating into France, battling clashes as they withdrew. Delving in by day and withdrawing around evening time, the British troopers got next to zero rest. Escaping displaced people stopped up the roads, easing back the movement of military work force and hardware. German Stuka plunge aircraft assaulted the two fighters and exiles, while German troopers and tanks sprung up apparently all over the place. The BEF troops regularly got dispersed, yet their spirit remained moderately high. Requests and procedures among the Allies were evolving rapidly. The French were encouraging a pulling together and a counterattack. On May 20, Field Marshal John Gort (authority of the BEF) requested a counterattack at Arras. Albeit at first effective, the assault was not sufficiently able to get through the German line and the BEF was again compelled to withdraw. The French kept on pushing for a refocusing and a counteroffensive. The British, in any case, were beginning to understand that the French and Belgian soldiers were excessively disordered and discouraged to make a sufficient counteroffensive to stop the profoundly viable German development. Considerably more likely, trusted Gort, was that if the British joined the French and Belgian soldiers, they would all be destroyed. On May 25, 1940, Gort settled on the troublesome choice to not just forsake the possibility of a joint counteroffensive, however to withdraw to Dunkirk with expectations of a clearing. The French accepted this choice to be departure; the British trusted it would permit them to battle one more day. A Little Help From the Germans and the Defenders of Calais Unexpectedly, the clearing at Dunkirk couldn't have occurred without the assistance of the Germans. Similarly as the British were pulling together at Dunkirk, the Germans halted their development only 18 miles away. For three days (May 24 to 26), German Army Group B waited. Numerous individuals have proposed that Nazi Fuhrer Adolf Hitler intentionally let the British Army go, accepting that the British would then more promptly arrange an acquiescence. The more probable explanation behind the stop was that General Gerd von Runstedt, the administrator of German Army Group B, didn’t need to bring his defensively covered divisions into the damp zone around Dunkirk. Additionally, the German flexibly lines had gotten significantly overextended after such a fast and extensive development into France; the German Army expected to stop long enough for their provisions and infantry to make up for lost time. German Army Group A likewise held off assaulting Dunkirk until May 26. Armed force Group A had gotten caught in an attack at Calais, where a little pocket of BEF troopers had stayed. English Prime Minister Winston Churchill accepted the epic guard of Calais had an immediate relationship to the result of the Dunkirk clearing. Calais was the essence. Numerous different causes may have forestalled the redemption of Dunkirk, yet it is sure that the three days picked up by the barrier of Calais empowered Gravelines waterline to be held, and that without this, even regardless of Hitler’s instabilities and Rundstedt’s orders, the sum total of what might have been cut off and lost.* The three days that German Army Group B stopped and Army Group A battled at the Siege of Calais were basic in permitting the BEF an opportunity to refocus at Dunkirk. On May 27, with the Germans by and by assaulting, Gort requested a 30-mile-long cautious edge to be set up around Dunkirk. The British and French officers keeping an eye on this edge were accused of keeping the Germans down so as to give time for the clearing. The Evacuation From Dunkirk While the retreat was in progress, Admiral Bertram Ramsey in Dover, Great Britain started thinking about a land and/or water capable departure beginning on May 20, 1940. At last, the British had not exactly seven days to design Operation Dynamo, the enormous scope departure of British and other Allied soldiers from Dunkirk. The arrangement was to send ships from England over the Channel and have them get troops looking out for the sea shores of Dunkirk. In spite of the fact that there were over a fourth of a million soldiers holding back to be gotten, the organizers expected to just have the option to spare 45,000. Some portion of the trouble was the harbor at Dunkirk. The delicate racking of the sea shore implied that a great part of the harbor was unreasonably shallow for boats to enter. To comprehend this, littler art needed to venture out from boat to sea shore and back again to assemble travelers for stacking. This took a ton of additional time and there were insufficient little vessels to satisfy this activity rapidly. The waters were additionally so shallow that even these littler specialty needed to prevent 300 feet from the waterline and officers needed to swim out to their shoulders before they could move on board. With insufficient management, numerous frantic troopers unconsciously over-burden these little vessels, making them invert. Another issue was that when the main boats set out from England, beginning on May 26, they didn’t truly realize where to go. Troops were spread out more than 21-miles of sea shores close to Dunkirk and the boats were not told where along these sea shores they should stack. This created turmoil and postponement. Flames, smoke, Stuka plunge aircraft, and German mounted guns were certainly another issue. Everything appeared to be ablaze, including vehicles, structures, and an oil terminal. Dark smoke secured the sea shores. Stuka plunge planes assaulted the sea shores, yet concentrated along the waterline, trusting and regularly prevailing with regards to sinking a portion of the boats and other watercraft. The sea shores were enormous, with sand hills in the back. Officers held up in long queues, covering the sea shores. Albeit depleted from long walks and little rest, troopers would delve in while standing by in line †it was too noisy to even think about sleeping. Thirst was a significant issue on the sea shores; all the perfect water in the region had been defiled. Speeding Things Up The stacking of officers into little landing make, shipping them to the bigger boats, and afterward returning to reload was an intensely moderate procedure. By 12 PM on May 27, just 7,669 men had made it back to England. To speed things up, Captain William Tennant arranged a destroyer to come legitimately close by the East Mole at Dunkirk on May 27. (The East Mole was a 1600-yard-long highway that was utilized as a sea wall.) Although not worked for it, Tennant’s arrangement to have troops leave legitimately from the East Mole worked magnificently and from that point on it turned into the principle area for officers to stack. On May 28, 17,804 troopers were reclaimed to England.  This was an improvement, however several thousands all the more despite everything required sparing. The rearguard was, for the time being, holding off the German ambush, however it involved days, if not hours, before the Germans would get through the cautious line. More assistance was required. In Britain, Ramsey worked vigorously to get each and every vessel imaginable †both military and regular citizen over the Channel to get the abandoned soldiers. This flotilla of boats in the end included destroyers, minesweepers, hostile to submarine trawlers, speedboats, yachts, ships, dispatches, flatboats, and some other sort of pontoon they could discover. The first

The Character of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

The Character of Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart What makes a fruitful man? This, in itself, is a culture bound question since it can fluctuate from culture to culture. Be that as it may, in the impression of Okonkwo, the fundamental character in Chinua Achebe's tale, Things Fall Separated, the proportion of a man's prosperity depends on two components, material procurement and development, and physical ability. This is amusing for Okonkwo since his kin's average thought of accomplishment is by all accounts built of a complex, solid otherworldly culture, apparently ready to bargain in customary ways with any challenge in nature and human experience. (Ravenscroft 9) Although Okonkwo is without a doubt a significant individual from Umuofian culture, he is certainly not a normal delegate of that society. (Taiwo 115) It is this essential polarity between Okonkwo and his own way of life that straightforwardly lead to the disastrous fall of Okonkwo, furthermore, extreme disfavor. I feel that it is imperative to note right now that Things Fall Apart is a disaster, and Okonkwo is a disastrous saint. For TFA to be a disaster, it must follow the accompanying example... A catastrophe .. is the impersonation of an activity that is erious, has size, and is finished in itself; in language with pleasurable embellishments, every sort got independently in the different pieces of the work; in a sensational, not in an account structure; with occurrences exciting compassion and dread, wherewith to achieve it cleansing of such feelings Aristotle, Poetics Okonkwo is an unfortunate saint since he is better than the normal individuals of the clan, Okonkwo was notable all through the nine manor... ...up flawlessly in the last lines of the book at the point when a whole culture, the entirety of its oral conventions, customs, functions, lives, the very substance of the Ibo individuals justified a sensible passage in the white man's book, The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger. List of sources Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Instructive Publishers, 1986. Aristotle. Aristotle: The Poetics. The Longinus: On the Sublime. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960. Ravenscroft, A. Chinua Achebe. Extraordinary Britain: Longmans, Green and CO LTD, 1969. Serumaga, Robert. A Mirror of Integration. Protest and Conflict in African Writing (1969) 76 Taiwo, Oladele. Culture and the Nigerian Novel. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976.

Im coming straight out of undergrad. Should I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

I’m coming straight out of undergrad. Should I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog When we here at Admissions talk about what we look for in a SIPA candidate, the first item on that list is professional experience: “Most successful applicants have had at least three years of work or internship experience relevant to their intended course of study.” But every year, the incoming class has a small percentage of students who come straight from undergrad. We often have people asking us, “Should I apply if I’m coming straight from undergrad? What are my chances?” Only you know when the time is right to apply and attend graduate school â€" for some people that’s at age 22, and others maybe 32 or 42. (Regardless of your academics and experience, you have 0 chance of getting in if you don’t submit your application.) An anonymous student who came straight from undergrad says, “Don’t Apply Yet, Undergraduates” in this piece on The Morningside Post, a student-run platform for SIPA experiences and opinions: “If you are an undergraduate student thinking about applying to SIPA, don’t rush. Expose yourself to the best, most enriching experiences so you can to get the most out of a truly unique graduate program like SIPA.” As another student who came to SIPA straight from undergrad, Dylan shares his thoughts: “As a junior and senior in undergrad, I naturally got caught up in the anxiety that surrounds the job recruiting process. As young twenty-somethings, we are expected to make decisions that will shape the trajectory of our careers and our lives, with little experience to draw from. I was fortunate enough to be awarded a State Department fellowship that made my decision much easier. However, I still felt like I lacked the skills and experience to know how to best take advantage of this opportunity. Now, two years later, after completing three semesters at SIPA, I have a concrete idea of what I offer to State and what I hope to specialize in. I credit SIPA and Columbia for providing me with the skills and exposure to new ideas and fields that I previously knew nothing about. Now, as a prospective Foreign Service Officer, I hope to build upon my anti-corruption and good governance coursework, by applying what I’ve learned in the field. While the decision to jump straight into graduate school after undergrad is a difficult one, it has been rewarding for me and most of my other peers who made the jump. Here are some things to consider before making the decision to apply. I majored in Government and History in undergrad. I loved my undergraduate education; it was holistic, I developed my reading and writing skills, and I learned a lot about political theory. While great, I didn’t leave undergrad with a field or area of study that I knew I wanted to study in-depthly. At times, I was drawn to Latin American studies. Other times, I wanted to focus on human rights and post-conflict resolution. This type of oscillating is natural; however, SIPA’s rigorous education forced me to think about these issues in ways I previously never had. In turn, after a few courses that threatened to draw me in a million different directions, I realized that I really loved two things: anti-corruption policy and writing. At SIPA, I have access to world-class experts on the issue of good governance, who continue to serve as mentors. In terms of writing, I took a course with Claudia Dreifus, a New York Times reporter, who completely blew up my style and changed it for the better. I do not encourage students to apply if they have absolutely no idea what they’re doing post-grad and want to delay going into the professional world. However, if you have strong interests and a general idea of what fields/careers you want to pursue, going into graduate school immediately after undergrad is a great option. It provides you with perspective, exposure and ultimately the connections that can only be found in places like SIPA, where theory and practical application are taught by experts who are active in their field. By taking classes, completing internships and befriending your peers, you will slowly gain a better understanding of where your strengths lay, and how to begin your journey into the professional world. We hope this gives you more information in making your decision about graduate school. Know that you are the only person who can decide when the time is right for you; and that the Admissions Committee does see applicants that would be fantastic candidates after another year or two of working. Graduate school is a huge commitment in time, resources, and opportunity cost, and every candidate should make sure they can get the most out of their time in school.

The Importance of Logistics Management Free Essay Example, 11500 words

These days the emphasis is cost reduction by the introduction of efficiencies and here is where the logistics come into play. It needs to be understood whether they too adopt the same principles of Lean manufacturing and Just-in-Time (JIT) and assist in the inventory control adopted by their clients. The modern supply chain is often global in nature hence various hub and spoke methods of supply points are also required to streamline availability to support the Lean or JIT activity. Logistics can indeed play a very vital role in this context too. The entire concept of warehousing changed and it became a Special Business Unit (SBU) and a profit centre by itself. Separate companies have come up with the objective of setting up a business of warehousing as a standalone activity. The warehouse of yesterday now became a modern Fulfilment Factory (FF). The more advanced Logistics companies have taken over this concept and incorporated it in their Third Part Logistic (3PL) service. Competit iveness is also the driver of all markets, both in the industry as well as services. The construction industry is part industrial activity and part service hence it needs a variety of suppliers as partners and collaborators, consequently, it needs Logistic support in diverse ways to be and remain competitive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Logistics Management or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There is an increasing trend for firms to outsource logistics services especially in the area of logistics information system management and logistics system design. But dissatisfaction in the market is caused by erratic rate level, failure of on-time delivery performance, and the insufficient number of service offerings.

Implement, monitor, and review a strategic plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1898 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Implement, monitor, and review a strategic plan Pre-Assessment Statements Student to complete: Student to initial I will record all my evidence in this student assessment guide. Special notes have been explained to me and I understand what is required to gain competency. I verify that this Student Assessment Guide represents all my own work. I understand the Instituteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policies on academic misconduct (plagiarism). I understand how the appeals process works. Assessor to complete: Assessor to initial Health and safety considerations have been met. Any special needs of the student have been accommodated. Give details. The requirements of any special notes in this module have been met. Student signature Date discussed and signed 21st April 2015 Assessor signature Assessor number Task 1 1. Written Summary a. Describe the organisation INTRODUCTION Countdown is New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading supermarket brand, serving more than 2.5 million customers every week. It is found in 1981. In May 1981 the first count down market opened at Northlands mall in papanui at Christchurch. While weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re known as Countdown, we form part of Progressive Enterprises; Steve Donohue is Acting Managing Director of Progressive Enterprises and is also General Manager Merchandise. There are 164 countdowns across the New Zealand and supported by over 18,000 team members. Our business is all about great ideas, high energy and operating with total commitment. Count down also provides New Zealand wide services through online grocery shop. There are lots of customer service representative in the countdown. Their job is receive the customers and ser ve them with loyalty. The main products available in the store are grocery items, wine, beers, meat, seafood, stationary items, vegetables, fruits medicines, cosmetics, and all food items. b. The planned activities you will implement The strategic plan is to introduce coffee in the stores. Kiwi People love coffee. If we open coffee store in the countdown it will help to attract more customers. Countdown is supermarket giving excellence cheaper products c. How you have delegated the activities? (ER 1.1) First I talked with my manager Deepti about this plan. She told me u spoke with area manager. When the area manager came to my shop. I described him about this strategy plan. He satisfied and told I will do. Deepti did some investigation on this. She took some feedback from customers. She got positive response from the customers .It will take 4-5 weeks for implement the strategic plan. 2 What resources will you require? (ER 1.2) Resources Coffee is a brewe d drink equipped from heated coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffee plant. The most commonly grown is Arabica. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Implement, monitor, and review a strategic plan" essay for you Create order The resources used in making coffee is milk, coffee beans, coffee powder, sugar etc. All these resources are available in coffee shop. Coffee machine is also needed. We need to buy the coffee machine. Its cost is around $1500. Trained staff is required It will take 3-4 weeks of time limit. All this resources cost of $2000 Approx. Strategy is firstly I talked to the manager or the other senior profile about opening a coffee shop in the store. They will think of the proposal and consult to other management. Take a customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedbacks and execute the plan and arrange the place where to open a coffee shop and company required a trained staff. They also ordered a coffee machine. 3. Describe the goals, outcomes, use of resources and managing risks and How will you monitor the following Achievement of goals Achievement of outcomes Use of resources Risk management Other (specify) (ER 1.3 and 2.1) Achievement of goals If we introduce the coffee in the stores. This will help to attract more customers Sales and profit of our company will increase. Our goal is to get 10-15 new customers by introducing coffee in the stores. Our company achieved the goal Achievement of outcomes: There are some out comes It is logical fuel of the current world. It maintain the health safety of customers. Coffee makes active. It will also help for the employees to remove their work stress. It will also help for the organisation to increase their revenue It will help to attract more customers. Sales and profit of our company will increase. Use of resources Coffee is a brewed drink equipped from heated coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffee plant. The most commonly grown is Arabica. The resources used in making coffee is milk, coffee beans, coffee powder, sugar etc. All these resources are available in coffee shop. Coffee machine is also needed. We need to buy the coffee machine. Its cost is around $1500. Trained staff is required It will take 3-4 weeks of time limit. All this resources cost of $2000 Approx. Strategy is firstly I talked to the manager or the other senior profile about opening a coffee shop in the store. They will think of the proposal and consult to other management. Take a customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedbacks and execute the plan and arrange the place where to open a coffee shop and company required a trained staff. They also ordered a coffee machine. Risk management Coffee is served in variety of ways. Coffee is second worldwide drink. There are two types of hot and cold coffee. There are different types of coffee like espresso, Cappuccino, latte , mochacino, Caf au Lait a, Turkish coffee etc . We start introducing some coffees and I also went to many cafes for research which the people generally like. Then I discussed all the feedback with our manager. Everybody loves to drink coffee. The critical outcomes are the following: Due to new staff they are making coffee slowly and people have to wait for long time. They also not able to provide all the flavours of coffee. This will make customers unhappy 4. Resources those were deployed and optimised. (ER 1.4) Resources Coffee is a brewed drink equipped from heated coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffee plant. The most commonly grown is Arabica. The resources used in making coffee are milk, coffee beans, coffee powder, sugar etc. All these resources are available in coffee shop. Coffee machine is also needed. We need to buy the coffee machine. Its cost is around $1500. Trained staff is required It will take 3-4 weeks of time limit. All this resources cost of $2000 Approx. Strategy is firstly I talked to the manager or the other senior profile about opening a coffee shop in the store. They will think of the proposal and consult to other management. Take a customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedbacks and execute the plan and arrange the place where to open a coffee shop and company required a trained staff. They also ordered a coffee machine. 5. Describe the milestones and key indicators and which if necessary needed to be renegotiated according to organisational requirements? (ER 2.2) There are two types of hot and cold coffee. There are different types of coffee like espresso, Cappuccino, latte , mochacino, Caf au Lait a, Turkish coffee etc . We start introducing some coffees and I also went to many cafes for research which the people generally like. Then I discussed all the feedback with our manager. Our target to sold 200 cups. After one week I verified the sales. Our turn over is increasing. We actually reach our goal. Timescales Time scales: It took 4-5 weeks to apply the strategic plan: In first week: I discussed the strategic plan with manager after that they further discussed with the management In second week: They start taking feedback from the customers about opening the coffee shop In third week: They ordered all the equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that are used in making coffee like coffee machine, coffee beans, coffee powder etc In fourth week: They start training to their staff In fifth week: They start introduced the coffees according to the needs of the customers 6. Identify any needs for variations to the plan and recommendations for change are made according to organisational requirements? (ER 2.3) Kiwi people love coffee. They are happy with this plan. There are different types of coffee like espresso, Cappuccino, latte , mochacino, Caf au Lait a, Turkish coffee etc They need different flavours. But now we provide only some flavours. So we have to introduce some more flavours. To increase sales and profit of the company or to attract more customers company introduce some more flavours of coffee. The plan will be re-evaluate on a regular basis for changes and modification. 7. In your review evaluate the consistency and congruency of organisational performance with the organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic plan. (ER 2.4) Evaluate the consistency and congruency of organisational performance with the organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic plan: We are introducing coffee in our stores. Company took feedback from customers about the plan to opening coffee store in the stores and took feedback from online. We got positive reply from the customers that will help to increase the sales and profit of the company. Company estimate the sales review. The revenue of the company is increased. The company (Countdown) got profit from this plan. The customers are happy with this plan and there is no problem with this strategy. Kiwi people love coffee. It is daily need of the people. There is no loss only profit for the company . There is no need to change of plan only need to implement and evaluate the plan. Only thing is that to add more flavours of coffee according to the preference of customers to attract more customers. 3rd Party Verification Email Back (response) Deepti Hi Ritika You have developed a good quality planned for the strategic plan which will benefit for customers, employees and organization. You have selected most achievable strategic option for participants, the way you influenced the management was very nice and I have also took feedback from the customers about this and got confident response, this strategic plan absolutely give better presentation to the company. This strategic plan will help the organization to increase the profit and sales. You have done a good job. References https://www.countdown.co.nz/about-us/our-company https://smallbusiness.chron.com/steps-strategic-planning-4651.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee:_A_Dark_History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee https://onstrategyhq.com/resources/strategic-implementation/ www.planware.org/strategicplan.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coffee_varieties https://www.google.co.nz/search?q=strategic+plan+implementation+planbiw=1360bih=643tbm=ischtbo=usource=univsa=Xei=_65BVZHsFYX5mAWBjIDQDwved=0CCMQsAQ https://humanresources.about.com/od/humanresourcesstrategic/tp/human-resources-strategic-planning.htm Student Progress Report Student to complete Post-assessment statement Signature The assessment occurred as we had planned. I was treated fairly during the assessment. I understand the assessment outcome. The feedback I received met my needs. I verify that this Student Assessment Guide represents all my own work. Assessor to complete (A = Achieved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" N = Not Achieved) Assessment Assessor name Assessme nt decision Date Re- assessment date Re- assessment decision Task 1 Questions A/N A/N Detail any work that is required for re-assessment for the student to become competent in this unit standard. 1st attempt Date 2nd attempt Date 3rd attempt Date A/N A/N A/N The student has completed this Student Assessment Guide competently. The work is their own and shows a level of understanding that is appropriate for the learning outcomes. Assessor name: Dene Collison Signature Date 21st April2015 Please retain a copy of this Student Assessment Guide for one year for moderation purposes. Ritika [email  protected]/* */Page 1

Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi Free Essays

Designation of phylum cryptomycota within kingdom fungi Introduction The cryptomycota are considered to be to be an early branching clade of organisms, the only known members are species that belong in the genus Rozella (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011, James and Berbee 2012). It has been suggested due largely to the amount of environmental sequences collected the phylum may be as diverse as the whole kingdom fungi (Jones et al 2011). While Rozella were originally placed in the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota(Jones and Pang 2012), a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the Chytridiomycota found Rozella was in fact part of a separate linage considered to be the most basal lineage within the fungal kingdom (James et al 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analysis of environmental DNA samples based on the analysis of SSU RNA (small subunit ribosomal RNA genes)had revealed 26 sequences, previously unknown, which clustered closely to two species of Rozella included in the survey (Lara et al 2010). Lara et al tentatively named this clade ‘Rozedilla’ (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011). However this clade was expanded to include 40 sequences found in marine and freshwater environments. This clade was renamed cryptomycota to reflect the position of the group relative to the fungi and its mostly hidden nature, as a large number of the phylum are only known from SSU RNA environmental surveys and their similarity in morphology and life-cycle to the Rozella is unknown (Jones et al 2011). Cryptomycota cells from freshwater samples, most notably from the Washington Singer pond (Exeter University, Devon, UK, 50. 7339uN, 3. 5375uW), were visualised with fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. These target cells were shown to be small eukaryotes 3 to 5 ? meters in length (Jones et al 2011). Counter-staining with TAT1 tubulin revealed The target cells capable of forming a microtubule based flagellum (see fig 1)(Jones et al 2011). Chitin was not found in any of the morphs observed, this was tested by co-staining with cell wall markers (calcofluor white and lectin wheat germ agglutinin). Cellulose was also not present (Jones et al 2011). FIG 1: Micrographs showing flagella on cryptomycota cells, as detected by TAT1 tubulin antibody(Jones et al 2011) This study led Jones et al to the conclusion that the Cryptomycota were an intermediate group between fungus and protists. Others such as James and Berbee contend that †they may have lost their â€Å"dinner jacket† through convergence. Rather than evolutionary intermediates, the cryptomycota may be strange, divergent fungi † (James and Berbee 2012). The term †dinner jackets† here refers to cell walls. Some such as Griffith, Voight and Kirk would not consider the phylum fungal, but a non fungal opisthkonta like the Microsporidia(2011). In this essay I intended to explore the evidence both for and against the inclusion of the phylum Cryptomycota in the kingdom fungi. To do this it is important to understand the characteristics and life-cycle of Cryptomycota and what makes an organism part of the kingdom fungi. Characteristics of Cryptomycota The known Cryptomycota :Rozella is a genus of entirely parasitic species that infect the thalli and sporidia of Chytridiomycota , Blastocladiomycota and some species of Oomycota. Study of Rozella allomycis , the only cultured Rozella species has shown it does ,unlike Fungi, not process cell walls at any time during there trophic phases like Fungi however they exhibit a zoosporic uniflagilate stage in which they propagate(Jones and Pang 2012) . James and Berbee demonstrated that chitin is present in the inner cell wall of immature spores via calcofluor white staining(2012). Zoospores attach to receptors on the surface of its host ,penetrating its surface with a germ tube before developing a naked multinucleate sporangium (Jones and Pang 2012)It is theorised that the uptake of nutrients is via phagocytosis (Powell 1984), however this is not known to be true of all Rozella. Zoospores form inside the host before being explosive discharged from exit papillae(Jones and Pang 2012) . Jones et al’s observation of Cryptomycota cells show a certain similarity to the life-cycle of Rozella. Three life stage cycles were observed (fig 2), a zoosporic uniflagelate morph ,a non-flagellate cyst morph and a parasitic morph where the organism is attached to a host diatom . Jones et al admit, however, that stages in the life-cycle are likely to have been missed in their study and due to the diversity of the Cryptomycota, the life-cycle is unlikely to represent the entirety of the group (2011). Chitin was not found in any of the stages observed (Jones et al 2011) FIG 2:Putative Cryptomycota skeleton life-cycle (Jones et al 2011) Are Cryptomycota fungi? The penguin dictionary of biology defines Fungi as a kingdom of eukaryotic primarilary acellular organisms typically organised into cylindrical hypha . Their nutrition is osmotrophic and never phagotrophic . Hyphal walls are characterised by chitin and ? -glucans (2004). Cryptomycota differs greatly from this standard definition of a fungi by not processing a cell wall ,forming hyphae and is likely to be phagotrophic. There are other organisms that are included in the kingdom fungi that do not fit with these definitions . For example yeasts reproduce by budding and are not organised into hypha. Zoospores are a shared characteristic with zoosporic true fungi and in most phylogenies constructed Cryptomycota are basal to fungi. Information on the life cycle stages is incomplete , it is possible some examples of cryptomycota process a chitinous cell wall at some stage in their life-cycles (Jones et al 2011). As a lot is uncertain about the cryptomycota it is hard to include or exclude them from the kingdom fungi and it seems premature to dub them the most basal fungi . As James and Berbee suggest the loss of a chitinous cell wall may be a secondary adaptation to parasitism not indication of a basal fungi (2012). Almost anything could be found and much needs to be before they can be defined as true fungi such as observation of cell division and determination whether members of cryptomycota are phagotrophic or not. What is certain that if this phylum is included in the kingdom fungi , the definition for the whole group must change. How to cite Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi, Essay examples

Cloning 2 Essay Research Paper HUMAN CLONINGHuman free essay sample

Cloning 2 Essay, Research Paper HUMAN Cloning Human cloning is non a controversial subject ; the public respects it as inappropriate. However, other signifiers of familial technology are controversial. These other signifiers need particular consideration. Human cloning is a signifier of familial technology and it is really similar to familial technology. In my sentiment, some signifiers of human cloning should be allowed. Human cloning agencies designer people with known lineage. Human cloning is basically doing an exact reproduction of person, utilizing his or her cistrons as a design. Cloning of human embryos has already been achieved. But cloning grownups has non # 8211 ; yet. But it is merely a affair of clip, months or a few old ages. Scientists across the universe are locked in a race to clone the first homo, as a babe for Television cameras. Huge sums of money are at interest. Teams have announced their purpose, many people have come frontward with eggs, their ain grownup cells and money # 8211 ; and the US still has no Torahs to forestall it go oning, nor do most other states of the universe. The immense media coverage cloning has received can be mostly attributed to Dolly the sheep. Dolly the lamb ; the first animate being cloned from a cell taken from an grownup. It was a effort that scientific discipline was considered impossible. After Dolly many other different types of cloning experiments have been done and had successful outcome. Two genetically engineered lambs have been born with a specific cistron to bring forth human serum albumen, needed to handle Burnss victims. This is non purely cloning but it is on the manner to cloning worlds. Tracy is a more advanced lamb ringer. Where Dolly has mistakes, Tracy has advantages. Tracy produces a substance called AAT that can assist in handling Emphysema. If such and advantages state of affairs has come about familial technology and cloning, why shouldn # 8217 ; t human cloning be looked at more closely. In Australia, cloning guidelines are regulated by the National Health and Medical Research Council. Though cloning of worlds is disallowed, Professor Colin Thompson of the Australian Institute of Health, Law and Ethics said the guidelines have an arguable legal position. # 8220 ; If caught cloning in Australia, you may hold your research support cut off, for illustration. It is non so much a legal country of enforcement as a professional one, # 8221 ; said Prof. Thompson. There are many ground or advantages for cloning worlds. * Eugenics # 8211 ; an effort to better the human race. * Megalomania # 8211 ; a desire to reproduce one # 8217 ; s ain qualities. * Spare parts # 8211 ; utilizing a cell from your ain organic structure to double yourself. * Take tissue e.g. bone marrow, so offer babe for acceptance. * Assisting medical research. * Recover person who was loved # 8211 ; a twin, a reminder. Infertility # 8211 ; instead than utilize donated sperm and eggs, why non utilize a cell of your ain to give birth to # 8220 ; yourself # 8221 ; , your ain twin? I am certain this school would love another 10 Tim McKennaries, but what about the other side of it. Would the school love 10 past pupils who have been expelled? All these advantages of human cloning are nevertheless # 8220 ; set off # 8221 ; by the disadvantages of human cloning. Or for that affair how many of you would wish your ain Mini Me? Come on set your manus up if you would wish your ain Mini Me. I # 8217 ; thousand sure a batch of other people would wish there # 8217 ; s every bit good. However, there are many moral and ethical concerns environing cloning. Ethical motives, refering cloning, is a big country. The right to clone a human being is really problematic. Will we be able to clone worlds, or for that fact do we truly want to clone worlds? The moralss and morality surronding this issue are endless. There is really small support for human cloning, nevertheless there are a batch of advantages for it. The ethical issues of greatest importance in the cloning argument, howev Er, do non affect possible failures of cloning engineering, but instead the effects of its success. Assuming that scientists were able to clone human existences what concerns might at that place be about the public assistance of ringers? Some oppositions of cloning believe that such persons would be wronged in morally important ways. Many of these wrongs involve the denial of what Joel Feinberg has called # 8220 ; the right to an unfastened future. # 8221 ; For illustration, a kid might be invariably compared to the grownup from he was cloned, and thereby burdened with oppressive outlooks. Even worse, the parents might really restrict the kid # 8217 ; s chances for growing and development: a kid cloned from a hoops participant, for case, might be denied any educational chances that were non in line with a calling in hoops. Finally, irrespective of his parents # 8217 ; behavior or attitudes, a kid might be burdened by the idea that he is a transcript and non an # 8220 ; original. # 8221 ; The kid # 8217 ; s sense of dignity or individualism or self-respect, so some have argued, would therefore be hard to prolong. A inquiry must be asked so is the ringer an progeny or a sibling? Does the ringer have one biological parent or two? The moral significance of these ambiguities lies in the fact that in many societies, including our ain, lineage identifies duties. Typically, the parent, non the sibling, is responsible for the kid. If there is no existent parent, who is responsible for the ringer? Insofar as societal individuality is based on biological ties, won # 8217 ; t this individuality be blurred or confounded? Peoples besides claim that cloning does non esteem the fact that worlds have souls. They besides consider cloning unnatural, and say we are taking the work of God into our ain custodies. There is besides a argument as to the moral rights of ringers. Some say their rights will be defied because ringers are non granted the birth of newness. That we would non have ringers with such exhilaration as a kid of a twosome who conceived of course. If natural reproduction were to happen, familial fluctuation would happen. They say cloning would strip a individual of singularity. They argue that indistinguishable twins are non alone from each other, but that they are new in familial fluctuation and unique from anything that came before them. Peoples besides wonder what mental and emotional jobs would ensue if a ringer were to happen out that he or she was cloned. President Clinton couldn # 8217 ; Ts have put it any better when he said in response to the chance of human cloning # 8221 ; , Each human life is alone, born of a miracle that reaches beyond research lab science. # 8221 ; Mistakes are happening when scientists carry out cloning process. For case, it took 277 attempts to bring forth Dolly, and Roslin scientists produced many lambs with abnormalcies. If we tried to clone endangered species we could perchance kill the last females built-in to the endurance of a species. This may be an country that the jurisprudence can govern over to restrict lose of life or mutant to animate beings. Sing how there is no existent legal standing for human cloning except for the control from the familial technology board. There are a few guidelines that need to be put into topographic point. These guidelines may look hypocritical but are necessary in the event that a human is cloned. It is merely a affair of clip before a homo is cloned and appropriate jurisprudence demands to be in topographic point when it does. Items that have to be addressed are ; Who are it # 8217 ; s legal defenders? The rights of the kid, privateness, instruction etc. Discrimination jurisprudence sing the ringer. The restictions on cloning ( no. of ringers per individual ) . Human cloning is outlawed, prohibited does non be in Australia. However the advantages and moralss refering human cloning should be scrutinized and considered whether or non human cloning can be advantages for the human race. If it is advantages, rigorous Torahs need to be put into topographic point to guarantee human cloning is non abused.

Jailed & Stuck Essays - Family, Gender, Marriage, Trifles

Jailed & Stuck Jailed and Stuck The authors Kate Chopin of ?Desiree's Baby? and Susan Glaspell of Trifles present a caste system of the 19th century. They both focus upon the theme of the inferiority of women with respect to marriage, gender, and prospective positions in a caste system of society. Actually, these two authors can be thought of as feminists of their times. Surely, many readers thought that these two authors were very liberal in their writing. Many of today's readers would be in agreement of the women's plight of past times. In each of the stories, the women characters are inferior to their husband counterparts. In ?Desiree's Baby,? Desiree knows she must believe and follow her marriage vows of ?honor, obey, and respect.? When Armand listens to gossip and does not inquire further, he believes his wife is not a white woman. He shuns both her and the baby. Desiree asks him, ?Shall I go, Armand? Do you want me to go? (Chopin 359). She finally leaves with the child without any pleading or begging for justice or explanation but out of consent. In addition, the characterization of Armand points to his dominance over his wife. This is seen when Desiree realizes ?a strange, an awful change in her husband's manner, which she dared not ask him to explain? (358). During this time, women were forbidden to question their husbands. In Trifles, Mrs. Peters is said to be ?the sheriff's wife? and ?married to the law? (Glaspell 65). She is unimportant and belonging to the sheriff more like property that one owns. This tolerance of being dominated by her male husband is emphasized by Mrs. Peters stating to Mrs. Hale, ?But Mrs. Hale, the law is the law? (61). Her husband makes the law for everyone and for her. She does not question him. Glaspell describes Minnie Foster, later known as Mrs. Wright, as happy when she was young. She dressed nicely, she sang in a choir, and she was out in society a great deal. Her husband, Mr. Wright, is characterized as being like a hermit, ?saying folks talked too much anyway? when referring to buying a telephone (57). Once Mrs.Wright married Mr. Wright, she obeys him and ends up changing her whole lifestyle. The other husbands' wives notice her change saying ?she used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster, one of the town girls singing in the choir. But that?oh, that was thirty years ago? (60). Because these women were thought of as the ?wives,? they were told what to do, when to do it, and how to do it by their husbands. The husbands, because of their gender, see themselves as the authority figures. They do not value any of the women's opinions, thoughts, or even intelligence too highly in these stories because of the women's gender. In ?Desiree's Baby,? the baby is determined to be black; one of the parents is black. Armand sort of takes the initiative and declares himself, who is of nobility and master of the plantation by gender not to be the one tainted with the inferior bloodline. This only leaves Desiree, who does not really know her background. However, it does not matter. Desiree, being female, assumes the guilt and gets no chance to explain, or to seek explanation. This is significant because the one who actually had the black heritage was Armand. In Trifles, the men criticize the women's thoughts and opinions. The men even make fun of the women. When the women are talking about the fruit, the sheriff says, ?Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves? (58). Mr. Hale also says, ?Well, women are used to worrying over trifles,? about the same situation. Neither man fully comes to understand the significance of the women's opinions nor thinks that the women could add anything to help solve the case at hand. The reader realizes that the women, with their opinions and thoughts, are the ones who actually figure out the how, who, and why of the murder. Because of the women's gender, the men in these patriarchal societies in each story do not fully realize the women's' values or intelligence. When looking closer, one can see that the wives in these marriages are also restricted to being homemakers and mothers. The males agree that there was not much more for

Writing a Research Proposal

Writing a Research Proposal Writing a Research Proposal Writing a Research Proposal: How to Write It Correctly? When the person is asked to write this or that written task the first thing to do is to think about the concluding result and about the impact of this task on future process of study. That is why it is quite necessary not only to think about the results beforehand, but also to consider the present field of investigation to be correctly acknowledged with the process of writing and with the chosen topic. Writing a Research Proposal: Essential Steps For the proper implementation of the process of writing a research proposal, it is necessary to take into account the necessary structure and to follow the necessary steps.Find the necessary information and literature for writing a research proposal; use as many sources as possible in the process of writing the research. Compare different points of view and opinions of different scientists, as this can be quite helpful for the future research and for the proper implementation o f the material collected. Some people may be interested where to find the necessary information and facts? It is advisable to search the Internet and also in different libraries, though some people forgot nowadays such institutions and are satisfied with online books and articles. The next step is to collect all the information together and the people in this or that sphere should be professionals and should be quite confident with the process of writing a research proposal. The person should think about such necessary steps in this process as the introduction and conclusion, as this is quite important and form these two sections the reader got to know about the problem of the present research and about the results. Writing a Research Proposal: Professional Support The role of professional support in the present work is quite high and the person should be sure and confident that in case of some problems the student can get the support they need. As for the persons w ho can provide this or that support, here we can enumerate professional tutors, masters or teachers on this subject. It is quite necessary to have some professional person, as you can address to and ask everything you need and what is not understandable to you. The role of this or that professional support is quite high and the person should be quite confident with this process, as this is quite important for the future dissertation. Professional Support With A Research Proposal Writing The process of writing a research proposal is quite time and effort consuming and in this case the person should not only take into account the difficulty of the topic, but also the professional support.

Nuclear Terrorism - U.S. Military Prevention Research Paper

Nuclear Terrorism - U.S. Military Prevention - Research Paper Example The weapons of mass destruction like the nuclear weapons were also created to find a better solution for the war, to maintain a peaceful environment and to protect the sovereignty of a region. The United States of America is the first country that developed, tested and imposed on nuclear weapons. The results were seen to be drastic and a kilogram of a nuclear matter is enough to make destruction that a more than 20 kiloton of TNT can. Thus a smaller amount of nuclear matter is as much effective as tons of explosives. Thus it is economical, diverse and drastic for a war. However, the nuclear attack was imposed only one time by the United States on Japan and after that, the attack is still not imposed on any other country under any condition. As the human race realized that there is an infinite amount of energy in the nuclei of the atom, many scientists began trying to find solution to extract the massive amount of energy for the civilian as well as military use. However, the first scientist that discovered the method to unstable the nuclei of the atom was ‘Enrico Fermi’ while scientist named as ‘Leo Szilard’ became his second in discovering the immense amount of energy. The more the science developed in the area, the field progressed similarly. However, at first, the technology was not tested to be utilized for the civilian purposes. The energy remained undiscoverable until Hiroshima and Nagasaki were attacked by the United States of America as response to World War 2. The attacks were considered as the consequence of the Japanese invasion and the Japanese attack on the ‘Pearl Harbor’ in ‘1941’. However, the consequences were drastic and no one after the Hiroshima and N agasaki attacks was permitted to impose such an attack on any country under any situation.

Perceptions of Female Student Pilots Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perceptions of Female Student Pilots - Article Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the lack of sufficient female pilots is a very vital concern that the aviation industry must study and research. A good starting point for the lack of female pilots can be by having academic programs of flight in which future pilots are introduced to the industry of aviation. Since these programs are considered a starting place for pilots in the aviation industry, environmental surroundings must be taken into account as to the low ratio of representation of female pilots. The purpose here is to now carry out a national research of the perceptions of female student pilots in the aviation industry. If these academic flight programs have the potential to improve the enrollment of female flight students, this program then would create a ripple effect in the industry and would help increase female pilots in the aviation industry. This study can be considered as a quantitative study. The author is trying to find out why th ere is a shortage of female pilots. With the usage of study methodologies, this case is researchable, and the author feels that it offers vital information. This study’s limitations were centered on sensitization of the program. The author has provided a five-chapter layout. This review literature is fairly comprehensive. The author gives the main outlines as well as elaborating on the research and literature findings where need be. The aviation industry historically has not been a career for women. All through history, women have been turned away while male pilots have sabotaged those that succeeded. Despite these constraints, a number of brave women have broken through the barriers with personal determination and passion in their quest to fly.

Definition Of Critical Review

Definition Of Critical Review To Critique research articles mean careful and critical appraisal of strength and limitations of a piece of research, rather than hunting for and exposing mistake (Polit and Beck 2008). A research critique is not a summary of the article but find scope and limitation and balance of the validity and significance. Definition of critical review You need to put your heading in bold and separate to your paragraph :A critical review is an evaluation of an academic article or essay. It requested to make judgments, positive or negative, about the text using various criteria. It is an overall critical appraisal, which mainly focuses on the reliability, validity, strengths and weakness, rather than the faults or weakness of the research (New South Wales University, learning Centre date?). The review supposes to be objective, balance discussion and evaluation of the strengths and weakness. (New South Wales University, learning Centre date?). It is the summarization and evaluation of the ideas and information in an article. It expresses the writers point of view in the light of what you already know on the subject and what is acquired from related texts. Purpose of the essay- The aim of this assignment is to develop a solid understanding of the experiences of residents in nursing home care by critiquing a published qualitative health research. Say who wrote the article, give article title and details. It helps to find out participants belief about their own role and the role of nurses in controlling and managing their condition. Potential benefit from conducting critical review of article is increase share control with health care staff in residential care facilities as well as increase awareness in health care staff, employer and in public. In this article critical thinking frame work is based on critical review guideline for qualitative studies by Beck, C 2009, Critiquing Qualitative Research, Aorn Journal, vol. 90, no.4, pp. 543-545. This article reviewed due to its design and contribution to health care facility;? A bit unclear to read in addition it also increases nursing knowledge and provide awareness in society. Reason behind to use this frame is provides specific guideline and cover all most question of critique such as how to do critique on title, phenomenon, structure, research design analysis data, findings and other prospective of the article. Title: please give exact study details here -otherwise it is hard to read and mark. I presume from your references you are critiquing: Nakrem, S, Vinsnes, A. G, Seim, A, 2011. Residents experiences of interpersonal factors in nursing home care: A qualitative study, International Journal of Nursing Studies vol .48 no.11, pp. 1357-1366. Title of the study is well-described and self-explanatory. It describes residents experience of factors while living in a nursing home. The article title find out age of participants, their experiences of interpersonal relationship factors in nursing home care Title is already indicate it is a qualitative study and title match with context of article. The objective of study is clearly stated in article. Abstract: The abstract part: aim was finding out the experiences of the residents with direct nursing care in relation to interpersonal aspects of quality of care. Background stating as life expectancy rate is lengthening the number of those needing care in nursing home will also increase dramatically over the period of next 20 years (Huber et al., 2009) Quality of care across developed countries mainly focuses on patient safety, excellence in care and patient satisfaction (Nakrem et al., 2009) Method: phenomenological methodology had been used. Findings were divided into category and then sub categories. Conclusion quality of nursing care depends upon individual approach to medical, physical and psychosocial care, including interpersonal aspects of care. Researcher used a short sentence to cover all aspect of research, also describes well information of data analysis and result. Overall, the abstract clearly and concisely summarized. Introduction: Statement of problem; the problem statement is unequivocally and easily located in the first paragraph of the article. The researcher focus on how nursing home quality can be understands from resident point of view. The problem certainly has significance for nursing because the life expectancy and number of resident will increase in the next 20 years. The problem statement convinced clearly and having an ability to persuade because the study is a greater understanding of interpersonal factors which is very important for improving the quality of patient nurse relationship in nursing homes. This is a bit confusing to read This statement of a problem does build a cogent and persuasive argument for the new study as the consideration of interpersonal relationship factors and quality of nursing care could be difference from nurses and residents perspective. It has a great significance in nursing as people who were the owners of the house is now the residents of the nursing home. So they believe their integrity is at risk in nurse patient interaction and care. They feel more dependent and sometime helpless. So its very important to study those aspects and find out the drawbacks, so that they can be rectified and the residents feel safer, secure and live their life happily in nursing home. The match between the research problem and the qu alitative paradigm and tradition used in the study is good. The researcher used the phenomenological methods in order to explain the life experience of people in nursing home in regards to quality of care and their expectations. Research questions: In this article author did not clearly state the researcher question, the open ended questions were used and these research questions were further divided in to sub categories for more understanding of problems. Research questions are related with the study. Qualitative method of data collection fits the research question by using phenomenological theory, in residents with lived experience (Polit, Beck Hungler 2001, p.214). Literature review: The reporter adequately summarized research that had been conducted on the phenomenon of interpersonal aspects of nursing care. The author clearly stated the gaps in the knowledge, in previous study it was identified that to provide good quality of care and to understand interpersonal aspect of care is essential and residents are primary source to find out the interpersonal factor and outcomes of care, on other hand recent study provide better understanding of interpersonal factor by taking depth interviews of the residence in order to improve the relationship of the residents with their nurses and also in the improvement of the quality of nursing. Conceptual underpinnings: the researcher provided a conceptual definition of the key concept of interpersonal aspects of quality care. This helps the reader to understand what interpersonal aspects of nursing referred to, and it includes not only medical care but also physical and psychological care, to protect their integrity and to recognize their individuali psychosocial needs. Be careful of odd capitals in sentences. The researcher did not state philosophical basis of this study in introduction. the author didnt make any conceptual framework for this study, he just compare and contrast the content on one research theory to compare the content of the study but he did consider the ethical aspect of study, took approval from regional committee for medical and health research either for maintaining privacy and confidentiality of the information collected from the study. Methods:- Protecting the participants rights: Approval was obtained from regional committee for medical and health research. However, according to Minichiello et al (2004), the ethical components not just ethics committee and follow-up support but also the informed consent, keeping patients information confidently and the right of withdrew the study. Ethical issues related to the research include informed consent, the identity of the researcher, the purpose and nature of the study, the right to refuse and to participate and other such as responsibilities of researcher and possible study benefits, side effects, privacy, autonomy, confidentiality, anonymity etc. these all aspects were taken into consideration by regional committee of medical and health research ethics. For data collection, confidentiality and right to refuse and withdrawal and written consent in addition to oral consent was taken from residents. Leave a line between sections Research design and research tradition: Appropriate methods of data gathering and analysis for this study are based on in-depth interviews.This is a qualitative study and the author has used a descriptive and exploratory research design. A phenomenological method is used in which the idea is taken from of the individuals who have actually experienced the situation. (Taylor, Roberts. 2007, p. 336 incorrect in text reference- always leave author initial out of body of text) The researchers used the phenomenological study to describe the life experiences of people in nursing home in regards to quality of care and their expectations (Vivilaki Johnson 2008). An adequate time was spent with participants, each interview was lasted for one hour and author find that the long-term residents are individuals with individual background but they also have a shared meaning of experience living in nursing home, so by comparing and contrasting the interpretations of meanings to combine and put toge ther them in general account. Sample and setting: Participants were selected on based of condition and on the eligible criteria completed by the researchers. This is the plus point for the research (Rawlinson ?1999, p.859) Initially 24 participants between the ages of 45 to 100 years were chosen from four municipal public nursing homes in Norway. Sample is taken from small, medium and large public nursing homes in rural and urban areas. But only 15 participants chosen with 9 women, 75 92 years old and 6 men 80- 96 years old, gave interview, there was a well described site and recruitment of participants which shows that sample size was not adequate. The inclusion criteria was set on the basis that they were mentally sound residents in the nursing home for minimum of a month and longer and had physical and mental capacity to participate. Individuals those are selected to participate in qualitative research is based on their first-hand experience with a culture social or phenomenon of interest (this is not an author surname. You really need some tutoring from the Student Learning Centre to help you to write correct in text references et.al 2011,p-28) sample decision were made and the sample framed according to the purpose of the study, there is no hard and fast rule rules about numbers, Sample size was not adequate to make a general statement should take at least 50 or 60 sample to make a general statement. For qualitative study it could be 10 -100 but minimum 30 should be when looking for evidence or trying to achieve maximum variation (Tuckett 2004, p.2). Data collection: The data was collected by in-depth interviews with the residents. One researcher, to assist the residents an interview guide with open-ended questions, conducted all interviews and probes were used. Three experts reviewed it. A narrative approach was used to encourage the resident to freely speak about their experience. The interviewer repeated and summarised during the interviews to check whether it was correct. Procedure: The procedure used to collect and record data were adequately described and were appropriate for phenomenological study. Because resident tell their views to the researcher in interviews and bias were minimised. How ? The author did not discussed about staff training for data collection. Enhancement and rigor: The rigour in qualitative research is demonstrated through researchers, attention to and confirmation of information discovered. The goal of rigor in qualitative research is to accurately represent study participant experienced (p.41) different methods was used to enhance the trustworthiness of the data and analysis, to enhance rigour in data analysis the authors of the article were all involved in discussions about development of analytical concepts. Researcher documented researcher procedures and decision process sufficiently to confirm that the finding is suitable and confirmable, the author himself and two other interviewers coded interview separately and compared with the coding done by main author and discussed for abstraction in categories and subgroups in meeting. Data analysis: Data was analysed by recording and transcribed the data by verbally, the data analytical approach was consisted of coding with categorization, and Interviewer took notes and summarized them. Moreover, interviewer also listened the tape recording carefully and meaningful entities in the transcript were also identified and interviewees expressions were sorted into more specific categories and finally each category was synthesized by comparing and contrasting with the already existing theory and literature. An electronic tool was used for mind mapping as well. To enhancing the rigour of the study all authors were involved in discussion about the development of analytical concepts. The main author coded all interview and all study was discussed the abstractions into categories and subgroups by the authors.(Ryan Nichollas Will 2009). Good Findings: Finding from the qualitative studies may be a show constructive format of phenomena (Polit, Beck Hungler 2001, p.313). The findings of this research highlight and acknowledge the importance of nurses in general and specialized (holistic) care, prevention of complications and prioritizing the individual needs. Findings also expressed the quality of care according to residents point of view to optimize and fulfil their medical, physical and psychosocial needs whilst protecting their integrity, dignity and social status. Findings mainly regard quality of care by building up long-term relationship between nurses and residents to enhance psychosocial wellbeing. Findings were all expressed in the article under separate subheadings for easy review and understanding. Interpretation of the findings: Finding is interpreted within an appropriate frame. Author focused on finding related to interpersonal factor of direct nursing care. ?the finding interpreted and discussed within the context of previous studies. The author compares the study with the previous study. In previous study (author, date) it was identified that to provide good quality of care to the residents, to understand interpersonal aspect of care is essential and residents are primary source to find out the interpersonal factors and outcomes of care while recent study provides better understanding of interpersonal factors by taking depth interviews of the residents in order to improve the relationship of the residents with their nurses and also in the improvement of the quality of nursing care. Both studies focus on the interpersonal aspect of care so that nurses can provide better quality of care to residents because residents have long term relationship with nurses in nursing homes. And also author mention about li mitation of this study nurse as representative of the health care took interview from the residents might be reluctant to criticize the nursing home quality and author did not put many efforts to understand cultural of the interviewees. Author did not address the issue of transferability of the finding due to small sample consisting of mentally lucid residents from four nursing homes. Implication and recommendation: Presentation: The report was well written, flowed logically, and was written in enough detail for critical analysis .the description of finding was rich and powerful. Researcher credibility: The researcher qualification enhanced confidence in the finding. Researcher was member of Norway College of Nursing facility. Summary assessment: The study result appears trustworthy. Trustworthiness is at the heart of a qualitative research critique (Beck 2009) This study provide some evidence that can be used in nursing practice in help in improving interpersonal relationship and quality of care in nursing homes. Appear to be trustworthy but author could take more sample/ participants in this study to make finding more general.? does this apply to qualitative work? Conclusion: This is critiquing and qualitative study about a quality of nursing care in nursing home .This qualitative study is to understand the real needs of the residents and how these needs can be fulfilled by the nurses. Nurses are required to understand the individual needs of the patient through their knowledge and skills in order to provide the holistic care to the residents. Nurses need to maintain the residents autonomy and dignity in order to improve the quality of nursing care. Overall, this was a good qualitative article. The researcher used a qualitative research design to explore the experience of residents those who live in the nursing home and providing the evidence for the practice for the healthcare to fulfill the individual needs through interpersonal relationship. The strength of this article would be great purpose, right methodology, and strong rigor. As mentioned previously, strong rigor was the most important part of qualitative study. However, study sample ta ken was small and the interview was taken by one of the nurse of the nursing may be this affect the views of the resident (Galvin et.al 2005, p-92). References: Beck, C 2009, Critiquing Qualitative Research, Aorn Journal, vol. 90, no.4, pp. 543-545. Leave a line between each one, no need to number them Galvin, Cathy, Roiste first name? and Aine first name?2005, Living in care: older person experience of nursing homes, Irish Journal of applied social studies, vol. 6, issue.1. Hilarie, Surrena 2011, Qualitative research in nursing,5th edn, China Minichiello, V Sullivan, G Greenwood, K and Axford, R 2004, Handbook of research methods for nursing and health science, 2nd Pearson Education Australia, Australia. Nakrem, S, Vinsnes, A. G, Seim, A, 2011. Residents experiences of interpersonal factors in nursing home care: A qualitative study, International Journal of Nursing Studies vol .48 no.11, pp. 1357-1366. New South Wales University Learning Centre n.d., Writing a Critical Review, viewed 21 Oct 2011 Polit, D.F Beck, C.T, 2008, Nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice, 8thedn, pp.105-138, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA. Polit, DF, Beck, CT Hungler, BP 2001, Essential of nursing research methods, appraisal, and utilization, 5th edn, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA. Ryan-Nicholls, KD Will, CI 2009, Rigour in qualitative research: mechanisms for control, Nurse Researcher, vol. 16, no. 3, viewed 9 September 2012, (online Bell Howell/ProQuest). Taylor, B Roberts, K 2007, Research in nursing and health care: evidence for practice, 3rd edn, Thomson, South Melbourne. Thomas, Sp Pollio, HR 2002, Listening to patients: a phenomenological approach to nursing research and practice, Springer, New York. Tuckett, A, 2009,Qualitative research sampling -The very real complexties nursing research,vol.12, no.1,P.2. Vivilaki, V Johnson, M 2008, Research philosophy and Socrates: rediscovering the birth of phenomenology, Nurse Researcher, vol. 16, no. 1, viewed 9 September 2012, (online Bell Howell/ProQuest). Appendix A Critiquing Qualitative Research put author details here also Basic Questions for Critiquing Title Introduction in Qualitative Reports Title Was the title a good one, suggesting the key phenomenon and the group or community under study? Introduction Statement of the problem Is the problem stated unambiguously and is it easy to identify? Does the problem statement build a cogent and persuasive argument for the new study? Does the problem have significance for nursing? Is there a good match between the research problem on the one hand and the paradigm, tradition, and methods on the other? Research questions Are research questions explicitly stated? If not, is their absence justified? Are the questions consistent with the studys philosophical basis, underlying tradition, conceptual framework, or ideological orientation? Literature review Does the report adequately summarize the existing body of knowledge related to the problem or phenomenon of interest? Does the literature review provide a solid basis for the new study? Conceptual underpinnings Are key concepts adequately defined conceptually? Is the philosophical basis, underlying tradition, conceptual framework, or ideological orientation made explicit and is it appropriate for the problem? Basic Questions for Critiquing Results in Qualitative Reports Results Data analysis Were the data management (e.g., coding) and data analysis methods sufficiently described? Was the data analysis strategy compatible with the research tradition and with the nature and type of data gathered? Did the analysis yield an appropriate product (e.g., a theory, taxonomy, thematic pattern, etc.)? Did the analytic procedures suggest the possibility of biases? Findings Were the findings effectively summarized, with good use of excerpts and supporting arguments? Do the temes adequately capture the meaning of the data? Does it appear that the research satisfactorily conceptualized the themes or patterns in the data? Did the analysis yield an insightful, provocative, and meaningful picture of the phenomenon under investigation? Theoretical integration Are the themes or patterns logically connected to each other to form a convincing and integrated whole? Were the figures, maps, or models used effectively to summarize conceptualizations? If a conceptual framework or ideological orientation guided the study, are the themes or patterns linked to it in a cogent manner? Basic Questions for Critiquing Discussion in Qualitative Reports Discussion Interpretation of the findings Are the findings interpreted within an appropriate frame of reference? Are major findings interpreted and discussed within the context of prior studies? Are the interpretations consistent with the studys limitations? Does the report address the issue of the transferability of the findings? Implications and recommendations Do the researchers discuss the implications of the study for clinical practice or further inquiry, and are those implications reasonable and complete? Basic Questions for Critiquing Methods in Qualitative Reports Methods Protection of participants rights Were appropriate procedures used to safeguard the rights of study participants? Was the study subject to external review? Was the study designed to minimize risks and maximize benefits to participants? Research design and research tradition Is the identified research tradition (if any) congruent with the methods used to collect and analyze data? Was an adequate amount of time spent in the field or with study participants? Did the design unfold in the field, giving researchers opportunities to capitalize on early understandings? Was there evidence of reflexivity in the design? Was there an adequate number of contacts with study participants? Sample and setting Was the group or population of interest adequately described? Were the setting and sample described in sufficient detail? Was the approach used to gain access to the site or to recruit participants appropriate? Was the best possible method of sampling used to enhance information richness and address the needs of the study? Was the sample size adequate? Was saturation achieved? Data collection Were the methods of gathering data appropriate? Were data gathered through two or more methods to achieve triangulation? Did the researcher ask the right questions or make the right observations, and were they recorded in an appropriate fashion? Was a sufficient amount of data gathered? Was the data of sufficient depth and richness? Procedures Were data collection and recording procedures adequately described and do they appear appropriate? Was data collected in a manner that minimized bias or behavioral distortions? Were the staff who collected data appropriately trained? Enhancement of rigor Were methods used to enhance the trustworthiness of the data (and analysis), and was the description of those methods adequate? Were the methods used to enhance credibility appropriate and sufficient? Did the researcher document research procedures and decision processes sufficiently that findings are auditable and confirmable? Basic Questions for Critiquing Global Issues in Qualitative Reports Global Issues Presentation Was the report well written, well organized, and sufficiently detailed for critical analysis? Were the descriptions of the methods, findings, and interpretations sufficiently rich and vivid? Researcher(s) credibility Do the researchers clinical, substantive, or methodological qualifications and experience enhance confidence in the findings and their interpretation? Summary assessment Do the study findings appear to be trustworthy and do you have confidence in the truth value of the results? Does the study contribute any meaningful evidence that can be used in nursing practice or that is useful to the nursing discipline? Please add rubric FU logo L mono Faculty of Health Sciences School of Nursing Midwifery NURS2107/NURS2107A Evidence for Health Care Practice 2 Content marking guide for assignment 3 Introduction (20%) Grade HD D C P F Purpose of essay clearly stated (2.5%) x No stated purpose A critical review explained/defined (2.5%) x No explanation/definition Potential benefits of conducting critical reviews clearly explained (5%) x Potential benefits of conducting critical reviews not stated Article to be reviewed introduced and context set (2.5%) x No introduction of article to be reviewed or context set Critical thinking framework(s) clearly outlined and rationale for using them explained (5%) x No explanation of critical thinking framework(s) Structure/headings of essay clearly stated (2.5%) x Structure/headings of essay not clear Critical review: quantitative study (40%) Grade HD D C P F Critique of title, authors and journal (2.5%) No critique of title, authors and journal Critique of abstract (2.5%) No critique of abstract Critique of introduction/literature review /background (10%) No critique of literature review Critique of research design/methodology/methods (10%) No critique of research design/methodology/methods Critique of validity and reliability (2.5%) No critique of validity and reliability Critique of ethical issues (2.5%) No critique of ethical issues Critique of findings (5%) No critique of findings Critique of discussion, conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations (5%) No critique of discussion, conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations Conclusions: quantitative study (10%) Grade HD D C P F Effective and succinct summary of main findings of critical review (5%) No summary of main findings of critique process Established significance of studys findings relating to evidence-based practice (5%) Significance of studys findings relating to evidence-based practice not stated Critical review: qualitative study (40%) Grade HD D C P F Critique of title, authors and journal (2.5%) x No critique of title, authors and journal Critique of abstract (2.5%) x No critique of abstract Critique of introduction/literature review /background (10%) x No critique of literature review Critique of research design/methodology/methods (10%) x No critique of research design/methodology/methods Critique of study rigour (2.5%) x No critique of validity and reliability or rigour Critique of ethical issues (2.5%) x No critique of ethical issues Critique of findings (5%) x No critique of findings Critique of discussion, conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations (5%) x No critique of discussion, conclusions, implications, limitations and recommendations Conclusions: qualitative study (10%) Effective and succinct summary of main findings of critical review (5%) x No summary of main findings of the critique process Establishing significance of studys findings relating to evidence-based practice (5%) x Significance of study

P’s Pert Plus: a Pan- European Brand?

Q1. How attractive is the Pan- European market for pert plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Pan- European market is quite attractive for pert plus    in terms of demand as the consumers test results showed that the product concept of ‘wash & go' their (time-saving benefits) 28% consumers said that they would definalty buy the product that was only 1 percent less then already established bran there Vidal Sasson. Also because they are gradually accepting the idea of 2-in-1 shampoo more and thus it would be beneficial to launch in European market. P&G's competitors there are Unilever, Colgate and Lo ‘Oreal. P&Gs own competitor brands are heavily advertised there by European standards. Therefore launch of the product need to illustrate quality and time- saving benefits and also need to educate the market in the use of conditioners further. Q2. What competitive advantages does Pert Plus have? Disadvantages? Competitive advantage for pert plus is the benefits of time-saving and convenient everyday use of the product. Thos benefit is very essential and thus required right positioning. Inadequate availability of production capacity was a disadvantage for pert plus. Also lead times for alternative pack sizes and designs (250ml preferred size) were also a restriction for them as it would take six months lead time. Q3. Which countries would be the leading markets in Europe? What are the advantages and disadvantages of entering a leading market first? The countries that could be leading markets are Great Britain as it has a high market size for usage of conditioners and shampoos, especially conditioners that is the highest rate among the other 4 countries given. Therefore they would not have to educate them much about the usage of conditioners but can face tough competition. West Germany has highest rate of value of shampoos and 2nd highest in conditioners (Exhibit 1). Therefore has the potential of being a leading market but would require an innovative marketing campaign and emphasis on pert plus's competitive advantages. Entering a leading market first has both advantages and disadvantages. Market segmentation is usually a must as competition is intense. New entrant will have to use niche strategies, positioning their product not in the core of the market but in specialty area. As the product is new it has the chance to develop a new market and gain favorable first mover advantages, something that takes resources, focus and continuous monitoring of penetration. Q4. What does marketing research tell about the price and positioning decision for Europe? Brand choice? Should the BC-18 technology be introduced with a pan-European name, or with local brand names, or even with a mixture of both approaches? Price and packaging alternatives were tested on only two brands: one brand from the lower-price segment and another brand that had a high quality product concept that is product concepts where possible price sensitivity would be easily detected. According to the market research the consumer were willing to pay the equal price for the selected product (Vidal Sassoon, Shamtu, Pantene, Pert Plus). The new technology â€Å"2-in-1† for shampoo and conditioner in one wash, its positioning was same as Vidal Sassoon Shampoo â€Å"for great-looking hair in a convenient way†. The brand choice would be highly not so easy because all the brands are providing the same technology 2-in-1 formula. The BC-18 technology would be introduced with a mixture of both approaches, because P was the first packaged goods companies to go to pan-European. The American company had established a pan-European focus in its R-effort and a system of â€Å"lead countries† for pan-European product roll-outs. And plus with a local brand name customer would easily recognized the brand globally.

Impact of Culture, Ethnicity & Gender on Identity Development

Different youths will have different identity development depending on where they come from. There are youths living in abject poverty today and worse enough they engage in drug and alcohol abuse. It is also very important to note that the crises that male adolescents face are different from those which females’ adolescents undergo.Many scholars believe that the identity stages of Erickson have a reversed effect for the opposite sex since intimacy come first before identity (Santrock, 1998). Whereas females strive for relationships and emotional bonds men strive for autonomy and achievement (Santrock, 1998).Achievement of Autonomy and AttachmentAdolescents attain autonomy and gain control over their behavior through relevant reactions to adolescent’s desire for control. It is believed that if adolescents have secure attachments to their parents then they will also have high chances of effective social competence and well-being; moreover this manifests itself through sel f-esteem, emotional adjustment and physical health (Santrock, 1998).Therefore, families that subject their children to rejection do a lot of harm to their identity development. It is also important that parents avail themselves to their adolescent children to strength their bonds with them.In most cases, parents complain that their children begin being noncompliant at their adolescent stage. This is the time when adolescents resist their parents’ instructions and standards (Santrock, 1998).   It is actually said that conflict with parents heightens at the age when the children become adolescents (Santrock, 1998).A greater part of such conflicts take place in the day-to-day events of family life although it does not involve serious conflicts posed by drugs or delinquency. It is also believed that these conflicts have a positive implication on the development of the adolescent from being dependent to becoming self-reliant (Santrock, 1998).In order for parents to facilitate a competent development of their adolescent sons and daughters they should establish in them a deep sense of warmth and mutual respect and also show interest in their lives (Santrock, 1998).They should also take into consideration their cognitive and socioemotional development. Parents should have democratic and constructive ways of dealing with crisis.Re-Evaluation of Self PortraitEarlier long this study provided an analysis of the boy who underwent a lot of resentment due to pressures he got from his parents and teachers as well. This study believes that up to this point the reader can now say that, indeed, the boy was justified in his actions.It can be said that it was a violation of rights since the boy was striving for self identity and fulfillment as required in adolescent stage. It is therefore very unfair for an adolescent to be subjected to situations that hinder him to move towards this end.Looking at what adolescent stage really is the boy must have gone through serious cri sis, specifically, it must have been role confusion kind of a crisis. This can be argued from Erickson’s socioemotional stages which he articulates very well. In fact, the case of the boy serves as an empirical justification to the theoretical aspect of this study, as in, all that has been reviewed is well supported by the situation of this boy.Looking at his parents and especially how they handled him it is evident that they contributed to his role confusion. Their instructions and stiff standards did the boy no good but harm. As can be seen, they had a responsibility to affirm his identity development at all costs. It is never too late; they can still make amends so that the boy can get to his next stage of life with resolved conflict.ConclusionIt is no doubt that this study has taken into account every aspect of adolescence that would leave the reader with quality information needed. However, it still believes that there is a lot to be studied in the future. It can be seen that adolescence stage is the most critical stage of life due to its crises here and there.It has illustrated an empirical investigation of a boy who underwent serious socioemotional issues that did no good to his identity development. The worse of it is that his parents worsened his crave for self identity.From the self-portrait this study identified five socioemotional issues namely: anger, frustration, low self-esteem, inferiority and antipathy. This study has also defined adolescence stage as the period when a person develops physically and psychologically from the onset of puberty to maturity. Different theories have bee analyzed especially that of Erickson and his psycho-social development stages.This study has also indicated that the primary unit charged with facilitation of adolescence identity development is none else other than the family. In actual fact, families have a big role to play. How this study hopes that it lands on every parents’ desk so that they might read some good staff in it. ReferencesAmerican Association of University Women. (1991). Shortchanging girls, shortchangingAmerica. Washington, DCCovey, S. (2002). First Things First: To live, to love, to learn, to leave a legacy. NewYork: Simon & Schuster.Dale, M. (2000). Body and self: An exploration of Adolescent development. New York:Jason Aronson.Erikson, E. (2009). Childhood and society. New York: Norton, Revised EditionHuitt, W. (1999). Educational Psychology. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State UniversitySantrock, (1998). Child Development. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Teodoro, J. The Impact of Family on Identity Development. Journal of Psychology, vol.Woolfolk & McCune-Nicolich. (1984). Educational psychology for teachers. (2nd Ed.).

What Makes An Individual A Murderer - 1112 Words

Seyam Omery Throughout history, researchers around the world wondered about the topic of serial murderers, primarily because they couldn’t understand why an individual would be willing to take not only one life, but multiple. Many sociologists and criminologists devoted their professional lives to find answers to this question: what makes an individual a murderer? Here this paper would discuss about Jeffery Dahmer’s case. Jaeffery Dahmer was a serial killer who also ate the victim’s body, he was arrested and he was sentenced to 15 consecutive life terms, later on he was attacked and killed in a Wisconsin prison. as results of the hard work we came to an idea that all criminals fit under the category of classical school of criminology. The Classical School of Criminology was developed by Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Baccaria. Bentham was an English philosopher who focused on utilitarianism, he lived through 1748 to 1832. As a believer of utilitarianism, he stated â€Å"that peo ple have a right to happiness and as a result should lead happy lives.† (Beccaria, 2016) This philosophy set the rules to help deter punishment and create punishment that is appropriate to the crime committed. This is the beginning of the Classical School of Thought. Beccaria was an Italian philosopher and attorney of law who lived between 1798 and 1894. Bentham and Baccaria were focused on crime and punishment throughout 18th century in Europe. During this era Europeans utilized capital punishment inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Film Silence of the Lambs1358 Words   |  5 Pagesadapts crimes committed by serial murderers, and the murderers themselves, is The Silence of the Lambs (1991). 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