P’s Pert Plus: a Pan- European Brand?

Q1. How attractive is the Pan- European market for pert plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Pan- European market is quite attractive for pert plus    in terms of demand as the consumers test results showed that the product concept of ‘wash & go' their (time-saving benefits) 28% consumers said that they would definalty buy the product that was only 1 percent less then already established bran there Vidal Sasson. Also because they are gradually accepting the idea of 2-in-1 shampoo more and thus it would be beneficial to launch in European market. P&G's competitors there are Unilever, Colgate and Lo ‘Oreal. P&Gs own competitor brands are heavily advertised there by European standards. Therefore launch of the product need to illustrate quality and time- saving benefits and also need to educate the market in the use of conditioners further. Q2. What competitive advantages does Pert Plus have? Disadvantages? Competitive advantage for pert plus is the benefits of time-saving and convenient everyday use of the product. Thos benefit is very essential and thus required right positioning. Inadequate availability of production capacity was a disadvantage for pert plus. Also lead times for alternative pack sizes and designs (250ml preferred size) were also a restriction for them as it would take six months lead time. Q3. Which countries would be the leading markets in Europe? What are the advantages and disadvantages of entering a leading market first? The countries that could be leading markets are Great Britain as it has a high market size for usage of conditioners and shampoos, especially conditioners that is the highest rate among the other 4 countries given. Therefore they would not have to educate them much about the usage of conditioners but can face tough competition. West Germany has highest rate of value of shampoos and 2nd highest in conditioners (Exhibit 1). Therefore has the potential of being a leading market but would require an innovative marketing campaign and emphasis on pert plus's competitive advantages. Entering a leading market first has both advantages and disadvantages. Market segmentation is usually a must as competition is intense. New entrant will have to use niche strategies, positioning their product not in the core of the market but in specialty area. As the product is new it has the chance to develop a new market and gain favorable first mover advantages, something that takes resources, focus and continuous monitoring of penetration. Q4. What does marketing research tell about the price and positioning decision for Europe? Brand choice? Should the BC-18 technology be introduced with a pan-European name, or with local brand names, or even with a mixture of both approaches? Price and packaging alternatives were tested on only two brands: one brand from the lower-price segment and another brand that had a high quality product concept that is product concepts where possible price sensitivity would be easily detected. According to the market research the consumer were willing to pay the equal price for the selected product (Vidal Sassoon, Shamtu, Pantene, Pert Plus). The new technology â€Å"2-in-1† for shampoo and conditioner in one wash, its positioning was same as Vidal Sassoon Shampoo â€Å"for great-looking hair in a convenient way†. The brand choice would be highly not so easy because all the brands are providing the same technology 2-in-1 formula. The BC-18 technology would be introduced with a mixture of both approaches, because P was the first packaged goods companies to go to pan-European. The American company had established a pan-European focus in its R-effort and a system of â€Å"lead countries† for pan-European product roll-outs. And plus with a local brand name customer would easily recognized the brand globally.

Impact of Culture, Ethnicity & Gender on Identity Development

Different youths will have different identity development depending on where they come from. There are youths living in abject poverty today and worse enough they engage in drug and alcohol abuse. It is also very important to note that the crises that male adolescents face are different from those which females’ adolescents undergo.Many scholars believe that the identity stages of Erickson have a reversed effect for the opposite sex since intimacy come first before identity (Santrock, 1998). Whereas females strive for relationships and emotional bonds men strive for autonomy and achievement (Santrock, 1998).Achievement of Autonomy and AttachmentAdolescents attain autonomy and gain control over their behavior through relevant reactions to adolescent’s desire for control. It is believed that if adolescents have secure attachments to their parents then they will also have high chances of effective social competence and well-being; moreover this manifests itself through sel f-esteem, emotional adjustment and physical health (Santrock, 1998).Therefore, families that subject their children to rejection do a lot of harm to their identity development. It is also important that parents avail themselves to their adolescent children to strength their bonds with them.In most cases, parents complain that their children begin being noncompliant at their adolescent stage. This is the time when adolescents resist their parents’ instructions and standards (Santrock, 1998).   It is actually said that conflict with parents heightens at the age when the children become adolescents (Santrock, 1998).A greater part of such conflicts take place in the day-to-day events of family life although it does not involve serious conflicts posed by drugs or delinquency. It is also believed that these conflicts have a positive implication on the development of the adolescent from being dependent to becoming self-reliant (Santrock, 1998).In order for parents to facilitate a competent development of their adolescent sons and daughters they should establish in them a deep sense of warmth and mutual respect and also show interest in their lives (Santrock, 1998).They should also take into consideration their cognitive and socioemotional development. Parents should have democratic and constructive ways of dealing with crisis.Re-Evaluation of Self PortraitEarlier long this study provided an analysis of the boy who underwent a lot of resentment due to pressures he got from his parents and teachers as well. This study believes that up to this point the reader can now say that, indeed, the boy was justified in his actions.It can be said that it was a violation of rights since the boy was striving for self identity and fulfillment as required in adolescent stage. It is therefore very unfair for an adolescent to be subjected to situations that hinder him to move towards this end.Looking at what adolescent stage really is the boy must have gone through serious cri sis, specifically, it must have been role confusion kind of a crisis. This can be argued from Erickson’s socioemotional stages which he articulates very well. In fact, the case of the boy serves as an empirical justification to the theoretical aspect of this study, as in, all that has been reviewed is well supported by the situation of this boy.Looking at his parents and especially how they handled him it is evident that they contributed to his role confusion. Their instructions and stiff standards did the boy no good but harm. As can be seen, they had a responsibility to affirm his identity development at all costs. It is never too late; they can still make amends so that the boy can get to his next stage of life with resolved conflict.ConclusionIt is no doubt that this study has taken into account every aspect of adolescence that would leave the reader with quality information needed. However, it still believes that there is a lot to be studied in the future. It can be seen that adolescence stage is the most critical stage of life due to its crises here and there.It has illustrated an empirical investigation of a boy who underwent serious socioemotional issues that did no good to his identity development. The worse of it is that his parents worsened his crave for self identity.From the self-portrait this study identified five socioemotional issues namely: anger, frustration, low self-esteem, inferiority and antipathy. This study has also defined adolescence stage as the period when a person develops physically and psychologically from the onset of puberty to maturity. Different theories have bee analyzed especially that of Erickson and his psycho-social development stages.This study has also indicated that the primary unit charged with facilitation of adolescence identity development is none else other than the family. In actual fact, families have a big role to play. How this study hopes that it lands on every parents’ desk so that they might read some good staff in it. ReferencesAmerican Association of University Women. (1991). Shortchanging girls, shortchangingAmerica. Washington, DCCovey, S. (2002). First Things First: To live, to love, to learn, to leave a legacy. NewYork: Simon & Schuster.Dale, M. (2000). Body and self: An exploration of Adolescent development. New York:Jason Aronson.Erikson, E. (2009). Childhood and society. New York: Norton, Revised EditionHuitt, W. (1999). Educational Psychology. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State UniversitySantrock, (1998). Child Development. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Teodoro, J. The Impact of Family on Identity Development. Journal of Psychology, vol.Woolfolk & McCune-Nicolich. (1984). Educational psychology for teachers. (2nd Ed.).

What Makes An Individual A Murderer - 1112 Words

Seyam Omery Throughout history, researchers around the world wondered about the topic of serial murderers, primarily because they couldn’t understand why an individual would be willing to take not only one life, but multiple. Many sociologists and criminologists devoted their professional lives to find answers to this question: what makes an individual a murderer? Here this paper would discuss about Jeffery Dahmer’s case. Jaeffery Dahmer was a serial killer who also ate the victim’s body, he was arrested and he was sentenced to 15 consecutive life terms, later on he was attacked and killed in a Wisconsin prison. as results of the hard work we came to an idea that all criminals fit under the category of classical school of criminology. The Classical School of Criminology was developed by Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Baccaria. Bentham was an English philosopher who focused on utilitarianism, he lived through 1748 to 1832. As a believer of utilitarianism, he stated â€Å"that peo ple have a right to happiness and as a result should lead happy lives.† (Beccaria, 2016) This philosophy set the rules to help deter punishment and create punishment that is appropriate to the crime committed. This is the beginning of the Classical School of Thought. Beccaria was an Italian philosopher and attorney of law who lived between 1798 and 1894. Bentham and Baccaria were focused on crime and punishment throughout 18th century in Europe. During this era Europeans utilized capital punishment inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Film Silence of the Lambs1358 Words   |  5 Pagesadapts crimes committed by serial murderers, and the murderers themselves, is The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Through a combination of criminology, psychology, and sociology, The Silence of the Lambs is able to not only inform audiences of the dangerous types of people that currently inhabit society, but also of the individuals who study serial murderers with the intent of apprehending them before they commit any more crimes and to help identify these murderers victims. One of the disciplinesRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesImperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypothetical imperative (what must be done to achieve a desired result) and Categorical imperatives (how one must act irrespective of one’s end goal/desires). For Kant, all moral duties were considered to be categorical, and should apply to everyone universally. Kant believes that truthfulness is the formal duty of everyone, regardless of what disadvantage it may cause to yourself or another (Kant, 1994). He illustrates this quite wellRead MoreThe Is The Scientific Study Of Mental Disorders Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesPsychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders. A psychopath is a person suffering from a chronic mental disorder with violent social behavior. Psychopaths lack conscience and feelings for others. They are aware of what they are doing, however they continue take and do what they want, with no trace of guilt. They demonstrate power over others to cover for their feeling of inadequacy. Psychopaths are selfish, impulsive, aggressive, loveless, and remorseless. They can appear charming, but areRead MoreThe Classical Conception Of Lex Talionis957 Words   |  4 Pagesmurder with death would demonstrate the idea of lex taliones. Reiman explains that the death penalty constitutes just punishment for some murders because murder is defined as â€Å"the killing of a legally innocent person by a nonauthorized individual† (White, 221). This makes murder a crime and to counter this crime, substantial punishments must be enforced. The basis for determining those punishments would result from a thorough analysis of lex taliones. Reiman supports the idea of lex taliones by comparingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not Morally Ambiguous1293 Words   |  6 Pagespotential murderers are being deterred, victims protected, and justice served. Many may argue that a death sentence does not deter more murderers than a sentence of life imprisonment. There is no way to measure this exactly. The root of what deters and what does not would lie with each individual. Some people may fear having to live by someone else’s schedule day in and day out and a complete loss of freedom more than they fear death. They may view death as an easy escape. These individuals would notRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesImperative, and show how he used it to justify why it is wrong to lie to an inquiring murderer. I will note how he arrived at this conclusion, and why I consider it to be the correct moral answer. According to Kant, the Categorical Imperative is the supreme law of morality by which a particular rule that an individual takes as a maxim must be accepted by all rational beings. This universal acceptance is what judges an action to be always good, provided that the agent’s impartiality and independenceRead MoreThe Minds Of Serial Killers1147 Words   |  5 Pages Dismembering the remains of the corpse he arranged skin, bone, and blood into a thirty-gallon cask of acid dissolving what remained of the young boy. This is the dark mind of Jeffrey Dahmer, he murdered not in hatred, vengeance, or financial enrichment but on pure impulse and lust. Forensic psychoanalysts have picked apart the minds of serial killers to find answers as to what causes them to carry out such perverse acts. Many believe it is impervious for an innocent adolescent to be born with theRead MoreAbolishing the Death Penality743 Words   |  3 Pages140 countries have abolished it. Abolish the death penalty because, first, it costs more for a death penalty than keeping a criminal alive. Second, the death penalty, or killing, is not right. It is morally wrong. Giving the death penalty to murderers makes everyone the same. Lastly, innocent people may be murdered. The capital punishment is expensive. It costs more to sentence a prisoner to death than giving him/her life imprisonment. The capital punishment cases have long and complex process.Read MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1608 Words   |  7 Pagesreality that the Lex Talionis principle is merely a way for one to justify revenge, not seek justice. Immanuel Kant believed in the idea of what is known as the categorical imperative, which is the belief that there is an unconditional moral obligation that applies to all circumstances. Immanuel Kant justifies the â€Å"eye for an eye† theory by saying that one should not make exceptions in their moral beliefs; if one steals, then it is okay for others to do the same, and if one kills, then it is okay for othersRead MoreKoch Body Paragraphs860 Words   |  3 Pagesaddresses common arguments liberals make against the death penalty. According to Koch, â€Å"Life is indeed precious.... had the death penalty been a real possibili ty in the minds of these murderers, they might well have stayed their hand† (3). Koch wants to guide his readers to see that the justice system is failing innocent people whose lives are of tremendous value. He undeniably stirs things up for the strong sided liberal party readers who tend to protect murderers from being executed. However, as someone

The Foolproof Common Argumentative Essay Topics Strategy

The Foolproof Common Argumentative Essay Topics Strategy What to Do About Common Argumentative Essay Topics Before It Is Too Late American football is far better than topic. During the research students may also find it useful to categorise a variety of topics into relevant subcategories like recycling, dieting, health, food technology, science and the surroundings. The procedure for grading student papers can be a really boring one. College is the area where knowledge produces new suggestions and encourage their development. The absolute most assigned tasks in your career will be essays since they are a portion of each academic course for a number of subjects. The subject of your assignment decides much about your general research and project so you have to be quite careful when choosing one. Your professor or client reads lots of essays and a great majority are written by men and women who like to play it safe. At times it can be hard to know just where to start, which is why it's important to reach out for assistance from an essay writing service, peer or mentor to be sure you've got a good foundation of supporting facts. A Secret Weapon for Common Argumentative Essay Topics Strategies for writing book reports on books you haven't even read. Smoking in public places needs to be banned. Popular topics are less difficult to write about since there are lots of sources to back up your statement, but from a reader's point of view, a favorite essay topic isn't exactly helpful. The above-mentioned topic choice may give you a very clear understanding of what things to write about. Well, it would certainly ask that you write on a topic that seems like you will need to encourage your readers. In instances when you get to pick the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. Sometimes 1 topic may lead to the next. Your real audience might become your professor, which is the reason why it is crucial to write well and proofread your essay. You want to not just guess what people wish to read about, but in addition select a topic that matches the particular format of the essay. Figure out how funny argumentative essay topics can receive the interest of your tutor. Argumentative essay examples are the best method to approach your essay. If you do hire an essay writing service to assist you begin, make certain to locate a top-quality essay writing service that checks each of the boxes above before purchasing an essay and you ought to be all set! You're able to buy argumentative essay from a specialist writer. Why free speech needs to be abolished. There are lots of custom writing services like writing elites convert words to pages that may help you design a perfect script. After an order is placed, the rules and example may be uploaded for the writer to have a look at, and any other materials you would like to provide. In most instances, your professor or client gives a specific topic you have to go over throughout the paper. The Basics of Common Argumentative Essay Topics The conclusion portion of the essay is the most crucial. Instead, you could gi ve the reader a summary of the subject and briefly mention the points you mean to cover. The conclusion seals the comparison essay and attempts to close the matter. In other words, it should be unique and remain neutral. When the writer gets familiar with the topic they can piece together their findings which best represent the function of the paper. Quotes are necessary to support your position. Below you'll find specific instructions about how to compose a comparison essay on any topic, which is well written and are going to have superior opportunity to acquire a high grade. Common Argumentative Essay Topics Sum up the primary points and main arguments that you're going to support or refute. It is crucial to reinforce the key points in the conclusion sensibly. Anyway, in case you have to make a new type of essay, points may get an outstanding deal a good deal harder for you. Even with the popular myth, a decent argumentative essay is more than simply hoping to show your point with a couple arguments. If you are feeling unsure at any stage, you should choose inexpensive essay writing services readily available online instead of risking for any error. Gather as much information as you are a ble to. In addition, professional guidance is simple to access. Should you need some help, don't be afraid to use the assistance of professional academic writers. Unless you're sure of what you're attempting to achieve through your paper, you are unable to make a strong impression on others. Keep in mind you will also have to collect empirical research. Unfortunately, you're not likely to realize excellent grades with that sort of approach. For instance, you can write about something that personally affects you or somebody you know.

Social Reproduction A Woman s Duty - 1165 Words

Marie Merci Ishimwe WGS160Y March 18, 2016 Social reproduction Social reproduction refers to the continuous intergenerational physically and emotionally exhausting household labour that is needed to maintain life (Trotz, lecture, Jan 13, 2016). This kind of labour though is considered to be a woman’s duty. Since an economic activity happens where there is a market, social reproduction is not considered as one as it doesn’t have a visible market. Even though, it doesn’t have market value, domestic work greatly contribute to the economy (Waring, 2013). Since this work is done in homes and by women who are usually marginalized, it remains invisible and thus not considered for pay. This kind of work depends on the traditional division of labour in which women are seen as housewives while men, breadwinners. Thus, the gendering of social reproduction is a result of â€Å"doing gender,† where women’s abilities to be mothers are naturalized (Coltrane, 1989); in other words, women are made to fit into the simplistic â €Å"domestic = family = heterosexual woman = care and love† equation (Manalansan Martin, 2008, p.2), while any man who does the caring work in a family is feminized and considered a lesser man (Coltrane, 1989).Thus, a woman’s femininity depends on her motherhood while a man’s masculinity depends on â€Å"not doing mother’s work† (Coltrane, 1989, p.473). Despite the ever increasing number of women in paid work, paid work is still considered a secondary kind of work for women afterShow MoreRelatedMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagessense of bodily autonomy, it is difficult for individuals to establish their own emotional autonomy. Throughout history, this bodily autonomy has been impaired by sexual control and dominance. By painting dystopian societies that heavily restrict reproduction and sexuality, Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, her poem A Woman’s Issue, and George Orwell’s 1984 all convey that sexual repression undermines individual identity and autonomy. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Atwood uses her description ofRead MoreContraception And Reproduction Influenced Population896 Words   |  4 Pages Both contraception and reproduction influenced population in terms of sex, race and social class. Population control and the term family planning while the same in terms of limiting reproductivity in families are also completely worlds apart. Population control was brought about by eugenicists who felt the need to control what they termed as the â€Å"unfit† while family planning was more of a chosen path to limit reproductivity within one s family. As many women entered both the workplace andRead MoreBuddhism And The Buddhist Liberation Movement1107 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment and water, clothes, healthy food, simple housing, health care, communication facilities, energy education and access to cultural and spiritual resources. Modern Buddhist liberation movements are using there organizational efforts to reform social and political conditions as they offer and practice new spiritual advise. As war and genocide of ethnic hatred and caste violence, and of economic gap and dreadful conditions figure prominently in engaged Buddhist writings as these are the new focusRead MorePerpetua s Defiance Of The Young Christian Martyr1328 Words   |  6 Pagesbirth by converting to Christianity, yet she still showed ambivalence towards her role as a woman in the new community. This essay will analyze Perpetua s defiance of the gender expectations of both the Roman community and Christian church and the way Perpetua defined her own role as a woman in conflicting societies. In Perpetua’s time, the Roman culture had strict views on gender and the role of a woman in society. Early Roman society families had a patriarchal structure meaning the father wasRead MoreThe Fundamentals Of Ethics By Russ Shafer Landau885 Words   |  4 Pagesto sexually abuse their marital partner, and see it as right and just, only because they are married. Several religions think the same, they only believe this due to how they interpret it from the bible; saying anything to the effect that a married woman who does not have permission over her own body but her husband does, I am more than sure that their higher power was not insinuating that raping your spouse was okay. Another example of a problem with this is the machismo in Hispanic cultures. InRead MoreSocial Learning Theory And Cognitive Theories Of Learning1146 Words   |  5 PagesSocial learning theory dates back to the early 1960’s, which integrates behavioral and cognitive theories of learning. By integrating the two theories it helped to provide a comprehensive model of learning experiences that occurs in one’s life. The social theory heavily relies on the observation, also known as modeling behaviors. Modeling can be achieved in several different ways such as, a live model, which entails the watching an actual person behavior. Verbal instruction is another method ofRead MoreGender Roles Of Civic Duties And Raising Children1466 Words   |  6 Pagesroles of civic duties and raising children in her community because she was female. Perpetua defied the expectations placed upon her since birth by converting to Christianity and used the freedom of the Christian religion to sh ow her independence and create her own role as a woman. This essay will analyze Perpetua s defiance of the gender expectations of civic hood and motherhood of the Roman community, and how the Christian community allowed her to define her own identity as a woman on her own termsRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence By New Zealand1300 Words   |  6 PagesMy chosen issue is Intimate partner violence. One of New Zealand’s increasing issues is Intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV is recognized as a major public health threat and a significant social issue. IPV is observed as one of the world’s most serious human rights concerns due to its widespread. As exemplified by New Zealand legislation the Domestic Violence Act 1995 considers IPV to constitute a category of family violence. According to the Act, IPV involves an individual committing violenceRead MoreThe Law Of Desire : Temporary Marriage1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law of Desire: Temporary Marriage in Shi’i I ran The Law of Desire: Temporary Marriage in Shi’i Iran is an anthropological study of temporary marriage (mut a) in the Shi i Muslim religion. According to Shahla Haeri s original first-hand study, mut a is an institution in which marriage, sexuality, morality, religious laws, cultural practices, and the relationships between the sexes converge. Haeri takes it upon herself to explain how permanent marriage and modern forms of adultery differ fromRead MoreFeminism : Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality1529 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism is a term defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. This theory is centered on women living in patriarchal society. During the 1900s life for women differed greatly from the lives of men. Patriarch communities were very prevalent during this time. As a result Susan Glaspell dedicated many, if not all of her works as dramas describing the restric ting view of women living in the early twentieth century. Feminism shows how

Amendment vs. Patriot Act free essay sample

It is dangerous world when you’re not safe in your own home. Thieves and robbers are not the suspects anymore; instead it’s the authorities that take their place in terrorizing your mind and body. The policing authorities have been given a free pass to do as they please to put fear in the nation’s eyes. With the implementation of acts such as the Patriot Act, the due process to investigate an individual was taken out of the question. The right guaranteed by the constitution of America to have proper documentation and proof to investigate any wrong doing, is not practiced anymore. Every citizen has the right to have search and seizures regulated as to give proper checks and balances to the police. However that is not the case in the present United States. The Fourth Amendment in its drafted form, states â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. † It was drafted as a reaction to British general warrants, in which the British King gave free hand to British law enforcement official to search virtually any home they liked, at any time they preferred, for any reason or for no reason at all. This was an especially unpopular concept in the colonies. Now looking enactment of the Patriot Act, one should wonder, how is any different than what British king did to the US Colonies? It is agreed that the events of September 11th were a horrific travesty that shall live in our memories forever. They were attacks from an outside enemy; however the consequences have been put on the people of this nation. With the increased security in place, the government of this country implemented the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act, to put it simply allows the authorities to investigate and seize anything without proper permission and based on mere suspicion. It is a direct violation the 4th amendment of the constitution. Every citizen is given protection for their civil liberties under the Bill of Rights and number four on that list insures their safety in the confines of their property. Of course I understand that illegal activities have to be prevented as a safety measure to the public but proper investigation is needed to prove even if such actions exist. With the process to make the Patriot Act permanent, they might as well throw out the Bill of Rights. Now let us look at how the Patriot Act volatiles the 4 amendment. As per American Civil Liberties Union, below are some of the key cases: 1. The section 218 (Intelligence Searches) of Patriot Act expands a narrow exception to the Fourth Amendment that had been created for the collection of foreign intelligence information. The section 214 (Trap and trace searches) expands another Fourth Amendment exception for spying that collects addressing information about the origin and destination of communications, as opposed to the content. . The FBI now does not even have to show a reasonable suspicion that the records are related to criminal activity, much less the requirement for probable cause that is listed in the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. This violates the Fourth Amendment, which says the government cannot conduct a search without obtaining a warrant and showing probable cause to believe that the person has committed or will commit a crime. 4. For the longest time, the US government, by law was not allowed to go into citizens’ property without prior legal notice, and was required to show the legal notice before it executes a search. This principle has been identified as a part of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. 5. Unfortunately, the Patriot Act unconstitutionally amends the law to allow the government to conduct searches without notifying the citizens. What this means is that the governmental agencies can enter a house, apartment or office with a search warrant when the occupants are away, search through their property, take photographs, and in some cases even confiscate their property. . What is also interesting is that the Patriot Act allows the FBI to secretly conduct a physical search or wiretap on American citizens to obtain evidence of crime without providing probable cause, as the Fourth Amendment requires. 7. An alarming thing to note, as per ACLU, â€Å"Under the Patriot Act any Pen Register/ Trap Trace (PR/TT) orders issued by a judge are no longer valid only in that judges jurisdiction, but can be made valid anywhere in the United States. This ‘nationwide service’ further marginalizes the role of the judiciary, because a judge cannot meaningfully monitor the extent to which his or her order is being used. In addition, this provision authorizes the equivalent of a blank warrant: the court issues the order, and the law enforcement agent fills in the places to be searched. That is a direct violation of the Fourth Amendments explicit requirement that warrants be written particularly describing the place to be searched. Since its inception, United States of America has always been seen as the beacon of hope, freedom, and prosperity around the globe. The concept of equality, right to own property, right to free speech, and freedom to practice preferred religion was alien concepts in the pre-USA world. The establishment and guarantee of basic human rights has been for so long the appeal for people around the world; intellectuals, impoverished, suppressed, rich, businessmen, craftsmen, etc. to settle in US. This marvelous achievement, unparalleled in the history of mankind, has been deeply tarnished by the implementation of the Patriot Act which negates our some of key rights as guaranteed by 4th amendment. The Bill of Rights is the foundation of this country and if we learn anything from experience a structure can not stand without a strong foundation. This country, I fear is in amidst of becoming a policing nation just like the old Soviet Nation, where the police had the power to do as they wished. I hope the liberties this nation offered its people are not forgotten.

Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health Essay Example

Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health Paper This essay aims to discuss three kind of pollution in large cities affect human health. Air, water and land pollution. Main Body: Paragraph 1: TTS: The general air pollution such as particulate matter is what large cities cannot avoid neither and can lead to respiratory infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and even blindness. Air pollution is divided into outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution. Judiciary air pollutant(natural asthma in children @London environmental tobacco smoke(compared with village homes) Fail to confirm chemicals in biomass smoke (lung) cancer But cooking(may) lung cancer in women Paragraph 2: TTS: Recreational waters in large cities also have the risk of causing diseases. Recreational waters generally contain a mixture of pathogenic and non- pathogenic microorganisms(sewage effluents, livestock, industrial processes, farming activities, domestic animals and wildlife) and free-living pathogenic microorganisms. *infection of upper respiratory tract, ears, eyes, nasal cavity and skin. Paragraph 3: TTS: Land pollution contains Solid wastes and Toxic wastes which are the main cause of deadly disease. And this two wastes can also influence the quality of the water. (nutrient enrichment) Owing to the great growth of economy, the living level of people has risen and the population in large city is enlarged. This also means enormous stress for land using. People are exposed to relatively large amounts of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals, with uncertain health effects. Conclusion: Air pollution, water pollution and land pollution effect human health though respiratory disease, skin disease and industrial processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer